Why are cats depicted as ugly and unwelcoming in old paintings?

Cats in older paintings often appear less appealing or “ugly” compared to the sleek, affectionate way they are portrayed today for a few reasons:

1. Artistic Style and Symbolism: Many older artworks, particularly those from the medieval period, often used symbolic or exaggerated forms to convey moral or cultural messages. Cats were sometimes associated with witchcraft, mystery, or even the devil in certain societies, so they were portrayed in ways that emphasized their “dark” or mischievous qualities, not their cuteness.

2. Limited Understanding of Anatomy: Artists in earlier periods, particularly in the Middle Ages, didn’t always have a strong understanding of animal anatomy, nor was anatomical accuracy always the goal. The focus was often more on stylization or symbolism than realism. Cats, being less commonly domesticated or less studied than dogs or horses, often ended up looking awkward or even strange.

3. Cultural Attitudes Toward Cats: In some historical contexts, cats were seen as mysterious, aloof, or even sinister animals. This perspective influenced the way they were depicted, with artists often exaggerating these traits to match the cultural perception of cats at the time.

4. Practical Constraints: Many artists may not have had live cats available to observe or use as reference. As a result, they may have been drawing from second-hand descriptions or relying on their imaginations, leading to less accurate depictions.

5. Artistic Conventions: During certain periods, especially in medieval art, there was a focus on iconography and symbolism over realistic representation. Cats were rendered in a way that fit the conventions of the time rather than aiming for lifelike representation.

As art evolved, so did the portrayal of animals, including cats. With the rise of realism and the later embrace of animals as beloved companions, artists began capturing cats more accurately and affectionately, which is why they appear more “welcoming” and aesthetically pleasing in modern depictions.